Corneal transplantation, also known as keratoplasty, is the replacement of a layer or the full thickness of the patient's cornea with a healthy donor cornea. This procedure is performed to treat conditions that cause the cornea to become cloudy, thin, or irregular, such as advanced keratoconus, infectious scar tissue, various types of corneal degenerations and dystrophies, as well as corneal edema and failure following intraocular surgeries.
Vitrectomy is an advanced microscopic surgery for removing all or part of the vitreous humor of the eye. This procedure allows the surgeon to access the retina. Its applications include repairing retinal detachment, removing vitreous hemorrhage, excising scar tissue (epiretinal membrane), treating severe intraocular infections, or removing intraocular foreign bodies.
Pterygium is a triangular-shaped growth of connective and vascular tissue that extends from the conjunctiva (the white of the eye) toward the cornea (the clear part). Chronic exposure to sunlight, wind, and dust are contributing factors to its development. In addition to its unpleasant appearance, it can cause significant astigmatism by pulling on the cornea or, in severe cases, impair vision by extending into the center of the cornea.
This procedure is designed to treat acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults. The obstruction causes epiphora, recurrent infections of the lacrimal sac (dacryocystitis), and purulent discharge. In DCR, a new drainage pathway is created between the lacrimal sac and the nasal cavity to allow tears to drain directly into the nose.
This surgery is performed to remove excess skin, fat, and sometimes muscle from the upper and/or lower eyelids. The goal of this procedure is to improve the appearance of puffy, sagging, or tired-looking eyes and rejuvenate the periorbital area. Occasionally, excess skin on the upper eyelid can also restrict the lateral visual field, a condition that is corrected through this surgery.
This is a common procedure for treating congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants and children. In this condition, the natural drainage pathway for tears from the eye to the nose is blocked, leading to chronic tearing and discharge from the child's eye. Probing involves passing a probe (a thin, flexible rod) through the lacrimal duct to open the obstruction.
This surgery is performed to control advanced glaucoma that does not respond adequately to medication and laser treatment. In glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure gradually damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss, visual field defects, and ultimately blindness. In this procedure, a small tube (shunt) is implanted in the eye to drain the aqueous humor to an external space, thereby permanently reducing intraocular pressure.
SMILE is a "keyhole" flapless procedure. A femtosecond laser creates a tiny, disc-shaped piece of tissue (a lenticule) inside the cornea that matches your prescription. The same laser then creates a very small (2-4mm) arc-shaped incision at the edge of the cornea. The surgeon gently removes the lenticule through this small incision. Removing this tissue reshapes the cornea, correcting nearsightedness. The procedure is quick, and the small incision seals itself without stitches.
A chalazion is a granulomatous and cystic mass in the eyelid caused by the obstruction and chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland (meibomian gland). Unlike a stye, it is typically non-infectious but can become large, chronic, and cosmetically bothersome. If it does not respond to conservative treatments such as warm compresses, surgical drainage of the cyst is performed.