Pterygium Excision

Pterygium is a triangular-shaped growth of connective and vascular tissue that extends from the conjunctiva (the white of the eye) toward the cornea (the clear part). Chronic exposure to sunlight, wind, and dust are contributing factors to its development. In addition to its unpleasant appearance, it can cause significant astigmatism by pulling on the cornea or, in severe cases, impair vision by extending into the center of the cornea.

Surgery

Before procedure

The use of moisturizing or anti-inflammatory eye drops may be recommended prior to surgery. If the pterygium is large, a conjunctival graft may also be planned during the surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence. Fasting is required on the day of the procedure.

After procedure

Long-term (several months) use of steroid eye drops is crucial for suppressing inflammation and preventing recurrence. Protecting the eyes from UV radiation with appropriate sunglasses is mandatory, even on cloudy days. Regular use of preservative-free artificial tear drops is recommended.

Complication and alarm signs

Pterygium recurrence (re-growth of the lesion) is the most common complication, especially in young people and those exposed to sunlight. Surgical site infection and the formation of corneal scarring may reduce vision. Residual or induced astigmatism are also factors contributing to the failure of vision correction after surgery.

More to read

Laser

Retinal PDT

PDT is a two-step treatment primarily used for certain types of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). First, a light-activated drug called verteporfin is infused into a vein in your arm over about 10 minutes. Second, about 15 minutes after the infusion starts, your doctor will shine a non-thermal ("cold") red laser directly onto the leaky blood vessels in your macula for some seconds. The laser activates the drug only in that precise area, causing the abnormal vessels to seal without damaging the overlying retina. The laser itself is not hot and is not felt by the patient.

Laser

Retinal BL

A Barrier Laser is used to treat retinal tears, holes, or areas of significant thinning to prevent retinal detachment. After dilating and numbing your eye, your doctor will place a contact lens. The laser is applied in a pattern of small burns that surround the tear or weak area. These burns create gentle scar tissue that "spot-welds" or "fences off" the problem area, sealing it to the back wall of the eye and preventing fluid from getting underneath to cause a detachment. The procedure typically takes 5-15 minutes. You will see bright flashes and may feel a slight pulsing sensation.

Surgery

Silicone Oil Removal

Silicone oil is a substance injected into the eye at the end of certain complex vitrectomy surgeries (usually for difficult retinal detachments) to hold the retina in place for an extended period. After the retina has fully stabilized (typically several months to a year later), this oil must be removed in a second surgery because over time it can lead to complications such as glaucoma, cataract, or corneal opacity.

Surgery

Ptosis Surgery

Ptosis refers to drooping of the upper eyelid, which can be congenital or acquired (e.g., due to aging, eyelid trauma, or neuromuscular disorders). In severe cases, this drooping can restrict the superior visual field, cause eye fatigue, or be cosmetically bothersome. Surgery aims to elevate the eyelid to an appropriate level and achieve symmetry with the contralateral eye.

Surgery

Strabismus Surgery

This surgery is performed to correct strabismus (misalignment of the eyes). In strabismus, due to an imbalance in the function of the extraocular muscles, the visual axes of the two eyes are not aligned. This can cause diplopia (double vision), amblyopia (lazy eye), and cosmetic and social problems. The surgery aims to restore eye coordination and alignment by strengthening, weakening, or repositioning one or more of the eye muscles.

Surgery

Phaco with PCIOL

This is the standard treatment method for cataract. In cataract, the eye's natural clear lens gradually becomes cloudy, like a fogged-up window, blurring vision, fading colors, and making night vision difficult. Phaco surgery involves making a small incision in the cornea, breaking up and removing the clouded lens using ultrasound waves, and replacing it with a clear artificial lens (IOL).