Vitrectomy

Vitrectomy is an advanced microscopic surgery for removing all or part of the vitreous humor of the eye. This procedure allows the surgeon to access the retina. Its applications include repairing retinal detachment, removing vitreous hemorrhage, excising scar tissue (epiretinal membrane), treating severe intraocular infections, or removing intraocular foreign bodies.

Surgery

Before procedure

Advanced retinal imaging and precise evaluation with ultrasound are performed in cases of opacification of the intraocular media. Depending on the type of disease, intraocular gas or silicone oil injection may be required at the end of the surgery. Discontinuation of blood-thinning medications prior to surgery is mandatory as advised by the ophthalmologist.

After procedure

If gas has been injected, maintaining a specific head position as instructed by the ophthalmologist for days to weeks is crucial for the success of the surgery (e.g., in retinal detachment). Regular use of combined anti-inflammatory and antibiotic eye drops is essential. You must avoid air travel and going to high altitudes until permitted by the doctor, as pressure changes can cause dangerous expansion of the gas inside the eye.

Complication and alarm signs

Complications such as infection, recurrent hemorrhage, and increased intraocular pressure are expected. In the case of gas or silicone oil injection, severe and increasing pain may indicate dangerously elevated eye pressure. Cataract formation is common in the months or years following the surgery.

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Laser

Retinal PDT

PDT is a two-step treatment primarily used for certain types of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). First, a light-activated drug called verteporfin is infused into a vein in your arm over about 10 minutes. Second, about 15 minutes after the infusion starts, your doctor will shine a non-thermal ("cold") red laser directly onto the leaky blood vessels in your macula for some seconds. The laser activates the drug only in that precise area, causing the abnormal vessels to seal without damaging the overlying retina. The laser itself is not hot and is not felt by the patient.

Laser

Retinal BL

A Barrier Laser is used to treat retinal tears, holes, or areas of significant thinning to prevent retinal detachment. After dilating and numbing your eye, your doctor will place a contact lens. The laser is applied in a pattern of small burns that surround the tear or weak area. These burns create gentle scar tissue that "spot-welds" or "fences off" the problem area, sealing it to the back wall of the eye and preventing fluid from getting underneath to cause a detachment. The procedure typically takes 5-15 minutes. You will see bright flashes and may feel a slight pulsing sensation.

Surgery

Silicone Oil Removal

Silicone oil is a substance injected into the eye at the end of certain complex vitrectomy surgeries (usually for difficult retinal detachments) to hold the retina in place for an extended period. After the retina has fully stabilized (typically several months to a year later), this oil must be removed in a second surgery because over time it can lead to complications such as glaucoma, cataract, or corneal opacity.

Surgery

Ptosis Surgery

Ptosis refers to drooping of the upper eyelid, which can be congenital or acquired (e.g., due to aging, eyelid trauma, or neuromuscular disorders). In severe cases, this drooping can restrict the superior visual field, cause eye fatigue, or be cosmetically bothersome. Surgery aims to elevate the eyelid to an appropriate level and achieve symmetry with the contralateral eye.

Surgery

Strabismus Surgery

This surgery is performed to correct strabismus (misalignment of the eyes). In strabismus, due to an imbalance in the function of the extraocular muscles, the visual axes of the two eyes are not aligned. This can cause diplopia (double vision), amblyopia (lazy eye), and cosmetic and social problems. The surgery aims to restore eye coordination and alignment by strengthening, weakening, or repositioning one or more of the eye muscles.

Surgery

Phaco with PCIOL

This is the standard treatment method for cataract. In cataract, the eye's natural clear lens gradually becomes cloudy, like a fogged-up window, blurring vision, fading colors, and making night vision difficult. Phaco surgery involves making a small incision in the cornea, breaking up and removing the clouded lens using ultrasound waves, and replacing it with a clear artificial lens (IOL).