Chalazion Excision

A chalazion is a granulomatous and cystic mass in the eyelid caused by the obstruction and chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland (meibomian gland). Unlike a stye, it is typically non-infectious but can become large, chronic, and cosmetically bothersome. If it does not respond to conservative treatments such as warm compresses, surgical drainage of the cyst is performed.

Surgery

Before procedure

It is typically a short outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia. No special preparation is required other than washing the face. You should discuss any bleeding disorders and medications such as aspirin and warfarin with your ophthalmologist.

After procedure

After the procedure, a pressure dressing is applied over the eye, which must be kept in place for several hours. Continued warm compresses for several days help to drain any remaining contents and reduce inflammation. The use of antibiotic ointment as directed is essential to prevent infection.

Complication and alarm signs

Surgical site infection accompanied by redness, pain, and purulent discharge, recurrence of chalazion at the same site or another location on the eyelid, formation of a scar (cicatrix) inside the eyelid which may affect the corneal surface. Subconjunctival hemorrhage (redness of the white of the eye) sometimes occurs, which is usually harmless and resolves spontaneously.

More to read

Laser

Retinal PDT

PDT is a two-step treatment primarily used for certain types of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). First, a light-activated drug called verteporfin is infused into a vein in your arm over about 10 minutes. Second, about 15 minutes after the infusion starts, your doctor will shine a non-thermal ("cold") red laser directly onto the leaky blood vessels in your macula for some seconds. The laser activates the drug only in that precise area, causing the abnormal vessels to seal without damaging the overlying retina. The laser itself is not hot and is not felt by the patient.

Laser

Retinal BL

A Barrier Laser is used to treat retinal tears, holes, or areas of significant thinning to prevent retinal detachment. After dilating and numbing your eye, your doctor will place a contact lens. The laser is applied in a pattern of small burns that surround the tear or weak area. These burns create gentle scar tissue that "spot-welds" or "fences off" the problem area, sealing it to the back wall of the eye and preventing fluid from getting underneath to cause a detachment. The procedure typically takes 5-15 minutes. You will see bright flashes and may feel a slight pulsing sensation.

Surgery

Silicone Oil Removal

Silicone oil is a substance injected into the eye at the end of certain complex vitrectomy surgeries (usually for difficult retinal detachments) to hold the retina in place for an extended period. After the retina has fully stabilized (typically several months to a year later), this oil must be removed in a second surgery because over time it can lead to complications such as glaucoma, cataract, or corneal opacity.

Surgery

Ptosis Surgery

Ptosis refers to drooping of the upper eyelid, which can be congenital or acquired (e.g., due to aging, eyelid trauma, or neuromuscular disorders). In severe cases, this drooping can restrict the superior visual field, cause eye fatigue, or be cosmetically bothersome. Surgery aims to elevate the eyelid to an appropriate level and achieve symmetry with the contralateral eye.

Surgery

Strabismus Surgery

This surgery is performed to correct strabismus (misalignment of the eyes). In strabismus, due to an imbalance in the function of the extraocular muscles, the visual axes of the two eyes are not aligned. This can cause diplopia (double vision), amblyopia (lazy eye), and cosmetic and social problems. The surgery aims to restore eye coordination and alignment by strengthening, weakening, or repositioning one or more of the eye muscles.

Surgery

Phaco with PCIOL

This is the standard treatment method for cataract. In cataract, the eye's natural clear lens gradually becomes cloudy, like a fogged-up window, blurring vision, fading colors, and making night vision difficult. Phaco surgery involves making a small incision in the cornea, breaking up and removing the clouded lens using ultrasound waves, and replacing it with a clear artificial lens (IOL).