DCR

This procedure is designed to treat acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults. The obstruction causes epiphora, recurrent infections of the lacrimal sac (dacryocystitis), and purulent discharge. In DCR, a new drainage pathway is created between the lacrimal sac and the nasal cavity to allow tears to drain directly into the nose.

Surgery

Before procedure

The location and severity of the obstruction are confirmed, if necessary, using imaging methods such as dacryocystography. As with other surgeries, discontinuing blood-thinning medications is essential to reduce the risk of bleeding during the procedure.

After procedure

Gentle nasal irrigation with saline solution is important for clearing the passage and preventing crust formation. Forceful blowing or sneezing with the mouth closed should be avoided. The use of intranasal steroid spray to reduce internal nasal swelling is essential if prescribed by the ophthalmologist.

Complication and alarm signs

Bleeding from the nose or the inner area of the eye, localized or widespread infection, formation of scar tissue within the new pathway and its closure (recurrence of obstruction) are complications of this surgery. If a temporary stent tube is placed in the pathway, displacement or expulsion of the tube may occur.

More to read

Laser

Retinal PDT

PDT is a two-step treatment primarily used for certain types of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). First, a light-activated drug called verteporfin is infused into a vein in your arm over about 10 minutes. Second, about 15 minutes after the infusion starts, your doctor will shine a non-thermal ("cold") red laser directly onto the leaky blood vessels in your macula for some seconds. The laser activates the drug only in that precise area, causing the abnormal vessels to seal without damaging the overlying retina. The laser itself is not hot and is not felt by the patient.

Laser

Retinal BL

A Barrier Laser is used to treat retinal tears, holes, or areas of significant thinning to prevent retinal detachment. After dilating and numbing your eye, your doctor will place a contact lens. The laser is applied in a pattern of small burns that surround the tear or weak area. These burns create gentle scar tissue that "spot-welds" or "fences off" the problem area, sealing it to the back wall of the eye and preventing fluid from getting underneath to cause a detachment. The procedure typically takes 5-15 minutes. You will see bright flashes and may feel a slight pulsing sensation.

Surgery

Silicone Oil Removal

Silicone oil is a substance injected into the eye at the end of certain complex vitrectomy surgeries (usually for difficult retinal detachments) to hold the retina in place for an extended period. After the retina has fully stabilized (typically several months to a year later), this oil must be removed in a second surgery because over time it can lead to complications such as glaucoma, cataract, or corneal opacity.

Surgery

Ptosis Surgery

Ptosis refers to drooping of the upper eyelid, which can be congenital or acquired (e.g., due to aging, eyelid trauma, or neuromuscular disorders). In severe cases, this drooping can restrict the superior visual field, cause eye fatigue, or be cosmetically bothersome. Surgery aims to elevate the eyelid to an appropriate level and achieve symmetry with the contralateral eye.

Surgery

Strabismus Surgery

This surgery is performed to correct strabismus (misalignment of the eyes). In strabismus, due to an imbalance in the function of the extraocular muscles, the visual axes of the two eyes are not aligned. This can cause diplopia (double vision), amblyopia (lazy eye), and cosmetic and social problems. The surgery aims to restore eye coordination and alignment by strengthening, weakening, or repositioning one or more of the eye muscles.

Surgery

Phaco with PCIOL

This is the standard treatment method for cataract. In cataract, the eye's natural clear lens gradually becomes cloudy, like a fogged-up window, blurring vision, fading colors, and making night vision difficult. Phaco surgery involves making a small incision in the cornea, breaking up and removing the clouded lens using ultrasound waves, and replacing it with a clear artificial lens (IOL).