Retinal Detachment
A retinal detachment is a medical emergency. It occurs when the retina peels away from the back wall of the eye, like wallpaper bubbling off a wall. When detached, the retina cannot function, leading to vision loss.
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Retinal Hemorrhage
A retinal hemorrhage means there is bleeding inside the layers of your retina. Think of it as a bruise on the light-sensitive film of your eye. It is a sign of an underlying problem, not a disease itself.
Posterior Vitreous Detachment
The inside of your eye is filled with a clear, gel-like substance called the vitreous. As we age, this gel naturally becomes more liquid and can pull away from the back surface of the eye. This separation is a PVD. It is a very common, age-related event and is not, by itself, dangerous.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
AMD affects the macula—the tiny central part of your retina responsible for sharp, "straight-ahead" vision used for reading, driving, and recognizing faces. The rest of your side vision usually remains intact. In "Dry" AMD (the more common type), the macular tissue thins and breaks down. In "Wet" AMD, abnormal, leaky blood vessels grow under the macula and can cause rapid damage.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication where high blood sugar levels, over time, damage the tiny blood vessels that nourish your retina—the light-sensitive layer at the back of your eye. These damaged vessels can leak fluid or blood (like a tiny hose springing a leak) and, in advanced stages, start growing abnormally. These new vessels are fragile and can cause serious scarring.
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
NLDO is a blockage in the tear drainage system. Tears normally drain from the eye through small puncta on the eyelid, down a duct (the nasolacrimal duct), and into the nose. A blockage causes tears to back up and overflow.
Ptosis
Ptosis is drooping of the upper eyelid, affecting vision or appearance.
Chalazion
A chalazion is a painless eyelid cyst due to blocked meibomian glands.
Blepharitis
Ptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid. It can affect one or both eyes and may sometimes be noticeable or severe enough to cover the pupil and block vision. It occurs when the muscle that lifts the eyelid (levator muscle) is weak or damaged. It can happen in children in the congenital form, and in the elderly in the senile form.